Respiratory disorder|respiratory disorders definition.

 Respiratory disorder|respiratory disorders definition|respiratory disorders ppt.

A respiratory disorder, There are a number of respiratory disorders which affect people. The percentage of such disorders is particularly high in Pakistan. It is due to the more concentration of air pollutants not only in urban areas but also in the rural environment. Some of the important respiratory disorders are described next.   

1: Bronchitis:

                         Bronquitis is the inflammation of the bronchi or bronquiolos. It results in excessive secretion of the mucus into the tubes, leading to the swelling of the tubular walls and the narrowing of the tubes. It is caused by viruses, bacteria, or exposure to chemical irritants.

There two major types o bronchitis. Acute bronchitis usually lasts about two weeks and patients recover with no permanents damage to the bronchi. In chronic bronchitis, the bronchi develop chronic inflammation. It usually lasts for three months to two years.

                 Symptoms of bronchitis include a cough, mild wheezing, fever, chills, and shortness of breath.

2:Emphysema:

                        Emphysema is the destruction of the walls of the alveoli. It results in the largest sacs but with less surface area for gaseous exchange. As lung tissue breaks down the lungs do not come back to their original shape after exhalation. So air cannot be pushed out and it trapped in the lungs.

               The symptoms of emphysema include shortness o breath, fatigue, recurrent respiratory infections, and weight loss. By the time the symptoms of emphysema appears the patient has usually loss 50 percent to 70 percent of his/her lung tissue. The level of oxygen in the blood may get so low in that it causes serious complications in humans.

3:Pneumonia:

                      Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. If this infection affects both lungs of humans then, it is called double pneumonia. The most common cause of pneumonia is a bacterium, Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Some viral and fungal infections may also lead to pneumonia in humans.

                    When the causative organism enters the alveoli, they settle there and grow in number. The breaks the lung tissue and the area becomes filled with fluid and pus. The symptoms of pneumonia include acold that is followed by a high fever, shivering and cough with sputum production. A patient may become short of breath. The patient's skin color may change and become dusky or purplish. It is due to poor oxygenation o blood.

                           Vacunas are available to prevent pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae. Antibiotics are used in the treatment of this type of pneumonia.

4:Asthma:

                Asthma is a form of allergy, in which there is inflammation o the bronchi, more mucous production, and narrowing of the airway.

In asthma patients, bronchi, and bronchiolitis become sensitive to different allergens. When exposed to any of such allergens, the sensitive airway shows Immediate and excessive response of constriction.  In this condition, the patient feels difficulty in breathing his.

                  The symptoms of asthma vary from person to person. The major symptoms include shortness of breath with exertion or at night, wheezing, cough, and chest tightness.

                 The chemicals with the ability to dilate the bronchi and bronchiolitis are used in the treatment of asthma. Such medicine is given in the form of inhalers.

5: Lung cancer

Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell divisions in the tissues of the lung. The cells continue to divide without any control and form tumors. Cellular growth may also invade adjacent tissue beyond the lungs. The most common symptoms are shortness of breath coughing (including coughing up blood ) and weight loss. The main causes of cancer include carcinogens (such as those in cigarette smoke)ionizing radiation and viral infection. Smoking is the main cause of lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer is significantly lower in non-smokers. Cigarette smoke contains over 50 know carcinogens.

       Passive smoking (the inhalation of cancerous smoke from another’s smoking)is also a mass cause of lung cancer. The smoke from the burning end of a cigarette more dangerous than the smoke from the filter end.

   Eliminating tobacco is a primary goal in the prevention of lung cancer. The world health organization has called the govt to stop tobacco advertising to prevent young people from taking up smoking.